Scotland, with its sweeping landscapes and turbulent history, is famed for its numerous and magnificent castles. These grand fortresses dot the rugged terrain, each telling a unique story of Scotland’s past. Here’s a look at some of the most famous castles in Scotland that not only draw visitors from around the globe but also serve as custodians of Scottish heritage.
1. Edinburgh Castle
Perched dramatically on an extinct volcanic crag, Edinburgh Castle is not just Scotland’s most famous castle but also one of its most besieged. This historic fortress dominates the skyline of Scotland’s capital city from its position on Castle Rock. It has been a royal residence, military garrison, prison, and fortress. Highlights include the Crown Jewels, the Stone of Destiny, and St. Margaret’s Chapel, one of the oldest surviving Landmarks Edinburgh. The castle’s complex history encapsulates key events from the Wars of Scottish Independence to the Jacobite uprisings, making it a focal point for understanding Scottish history.
2. Stirling Castle
Located at the strategic point where the lowlands meet the highlands, Stirling Castle is another icon of Scottish national identity. It was the preferred residence of many of the kings and queens of Scotland, including Mary, Queen of Scots. Stirling Castle played a pivotal role in Scotland’s history due to its position atop Castle Hill, surrounded on three sides by steep cliffs. Its well-preserved architecture offers a glimpse into the opulent lives of Scotland’s Renaissance monarchs, and it’s famed for the Great Hall, the Chapel Royal, and the beautifully restored Royal Palace.
3. Eilean Donan Castle
Perhaps one of the most picturesque castles in Scotland, Eilean Donan Castle lies on a small tidal island where three sea lochs meet, surrounded by the Kintail mountains. The castle frequently appears in photographs, films, and television shows, making it a cultural and visual gem of the Scottish Highlands. Originally built in the mid-13th century as a defence against the Vikings, today’s castle is largely a 20th-century reconstruction, though it retains much of its original charm and appeal.
4. Balmoral Castle
Balmoral Castle, located in Aberdeenshire, is a private residence of the British royal family. Purchased by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in 1852, the castle is a fine example of Scots Baronial architecture. Although it is still used by the royals, parts of the estate, including the gardens and the ballroom, are open to the public at certain times of the year. The castle’s setting in the heart of the Highlands provides stunning views and a peaceful retreat from public life.
5. Urquhart Castle
Overlooking the mysterious waters of Loch Ness, Urquhart Castle boasts one of the most scenic locales in Scotland. Though largely in ruins, the castle’s remaining towers and fortifications offer a haunting reminder of Scotland’s past skirmishes. The castle’s history stretches back to the 6th century, though most of the surviving structures are from the later medieval period. It was an important stronghold during the Scottish struggle for independence and saw considerable action during the Wars of Independence.